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<title>Annette Gordon-Reed</title>

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Annette Gordon-Reed

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</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Annette Gordon-Reed</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Gordon-Reed in 2011</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Annette Gordon</div> (1958-11-19) November 19, 1958 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="Livingston%2C_Texas" title="Livingston, Texas">Livingston, Texas</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> (<a href="B._A." class="mw-redirect" title="B. A.">BA</a>) <a href="Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard University</a> (<a href="J._D." class="mw-redirect" title="J. D.">JD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="Professor" title="Professor">Professor</a>, <a href="Author" title="Author">author</a>, <a href="Historian" title="Historian">historian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employer(s)</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a> <a href="Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> <a href="Radcliffe_Institute_for_Advanced_Study" class="mw-redirect" title="Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study">Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">American Legal History, American Slavery and the Law</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Robert Reed</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="National_Book_Award_for_Nonfiction" title="National Book Award for Nonfiction">National Book Award for Nonfiction</a>, <a href="MacArthur_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="MacArthur Fellowship">MacArthur Fellowship</a>, <a href="Pulitzer_Prize_for_History" title="Pulitzer Prize for History">Pulitzer Prize for History</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

Annette Gordon-Reed (born November 19, 1958)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> is an American historian and law professor. She is currently the <a href="Carl_M._Loeb" title="Carl M. Loeb">Carl M. Loeb</a> <a href="Professors_in_the_United_States#Distinguished_(research/teaching)_professor" title="Professors in the United States">University Professor</a> at <a href="Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> and a professor of history in the university's Faculty of Arts & Sciences. She is formerly the <a href="Charles_Warren_(U.S._author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Warren (U.S. author)">Charles Warren</a> Professor of American Legal History at <a href="Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> and the Carol K. Pforzheimer Professor at the <a href="Radcliffe_Institute_for_Advanced_Study" class="mw-redirect" title="Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study">Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study</a>. Gordon-Reed is noted for changing scholarship on <a href="Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> regarding his relationship with <a href="Sally_Hemings" title="Sally Hemings">Sally Hemings</a> and her children.

She was awarded the <a href="Pulitzer_Prize_for_History" title="Pulitzer Prize for History">Pulitzer Prize for History</a> and the <a href="National_Book_Award_for_Nonfiction" title="National Book Award for Nonfiction">National Book Award for Nonfiction</a> and 15 other prizes in 2009 for her work on the <a href="Betty_Hemings" title="Betty Hemings">Hemings</a> family of Monticello. In 2010, she received the <a href="National_Humanities_Medal" title="National Humanities Medal">National Humanities Medal</a> and a <a href="MacArthur_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="MacArthur Fellowship">MacArthur Fellowship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Since 2018, she has served as a trustee of the <a href="National_Humanities_Center" title="National Humanities Center">National Humanities Center</a> in Research Triangle Park, NC. She was elected a Member of the <a href="American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 2019. She is a Trustee of the <a href="Gilder_Lehrman_Institute_of_American_History" title="Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History">Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_education">Background and education</h2></div>

Gordon-Reed was born in <a href="Livingston%2C_Texas" title="Livingston, Texas">Livingston, Texas</a>, to Bettye Jean Gordon and Alfred Gordon. She grew up in <a href="Jim_Crow" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Crow">Jim Crow</a> <a href="Conroe%2C_Texas" title="Conroe, Texas">Conroe, Texas</a>, and was the <a href="School_desegregation" class="mw-redirect" title="School desegregation">first Black child</a> in her <a href="Elementary_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementary school">elementary school</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> In third grade she became interested in Thomas Jefferson. She graduated from <a href="Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> in 1981 and <a href="Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a> in 1984, where she was the first African-American editor of the <a href="Harvard_Law_Review" title="Harvard Law Review">Harvard Law Review</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hls-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_family">Marriage and family</h2></div>

Gordon-Reed is married to Robert R. Reed, a justice of the <a href="Supreme_Court_of_the_State_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of the State of New York">Supreme Court of the State of New York</a>, whom she met while at <a href="Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>. She lives on the <a href="Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a> of New York with her husband and two children, Gordon and Susan.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professional_and_academic_career">Professional and academic career</h2></div>

Gordon-Reed spent her early career as an associate at <a href="Cahill_Gordon_%26_Reindel" title="Cahill Gordon & Reindel">Cahill Gordon & Reindel</a>, and as counsel to the New York City Board of Corrections. She speaks or moderates at numerous conferences across the country on history and law-related topics. She was previously Wallace Stevens Professor of Law at <a href="New_York_Law_School" title="New York Law School">New York Law School</a> (1992–2010) and Board of Governors Professor of History at <a href="Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a>, Newark (2007–2010).<a href="#cite_note-MacArthur-8">[8]</a>

In 2010, she joined Harvard University with joint appointments in history and law, and as Carol K. Pforzheimer Professor at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. In 2012, she was appointed the Charles Warren Professor of American Legal History at HLS. In 2014, she was the Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Visiting professor at Queen's College, University of Oxford.

.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thomas_Jefferson_and_Sally_Hemings:_An_American_Controversy_(1997)">Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy (1997)</h3></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Jefferson%E2%80%93Hemings_controversy" title="Jefferson–Hemings controversy">Jefferson–Hemings controversy</a></div>

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Her first book, Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy, sparked considerable interest from fellow scholars, as it investigated and analyzed the long-standing historical controversy of whether <a href="Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> had a sexual relationship with his slave <a href="Sally_Hemings" title="Sally Hemings">Sally Hemings</a> and fathered children by her. Most academic historians had accepted the denials of Jefferson descendants and their assertion that the late Peter Carr (a married nephew of Jefferson) was the father. Biographer James Parton adopted this alternative account to rumors about Jefferson's paternity, as did succeeding historians for more than 100 years.

As some historians began to reinvestigate Jefferson in the late twentieth century, his defenders responded as if assertions of his paternity were intended to damage his historical reputation, despite the widespread acknowledgement by then of the numerous interracial liaisons in Jefferson's time. In 1974, <a href="Fawn_M._Brodie" title="Fawn M. Brodie">Fawn M. Brodie</a> wrote the first biography of Jefferson to seriously examine the evidence related to Sally Hemings; she thought the Hemings-Jefferson liaison was likely.

Gordon-Reed analyzed the historiography and identified the set of unexamined assumptions that had governed the investigations by many Jefferson scholars. These assumptions were that white people tell the truth, Black people lie, slave owners tell the truth, and slaves lie. Gordon-Reed cross-checked the versions of events provided by former Monticello slaves, such as <a href="Madison_Hemings" title="Madison Hemings">Madison Hemings</a>, who claimed Jefferson as his father, and <a href="Isaac_Jefferson" title="Isaac Jefferson">Isaac Jefferson</a>, who confirmed Thomas Jefferson's paternity of the Hemings children, against documented historical evidence to which they could not have had access. She similarly cross-checked oral traditions among Hemings' descendants against such primary sources as Jefferson's papers and agricultural records. She demonstrated errors made by historians, and noted facts overlooked by the white Jefferson descendants and historians, which contradicted their assertions that one or more of Jefferson's Carr nephews had fathered the children.

As the historian <a href="Winthrop_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Winthrop Jordan">Winthrop Jordan</a> had noted, which was also noted by Brodie, historian <a href="Dumas_Malone" title="Dumas Malone">Dumas Malone</a>'s extensive documentation of Jefferson's travels showed that Jefferson was at Monticello during the period of time when Hemings conceived each of her known children, and that she never conceived when he was not there. Gordon-Reed noted that all of Sally Hemings' children were freed. They were the only slave family to gain such freedom, which was consistent with what Madison said Jefferson had promised to his mother, Sally Hemings. Gordon-Reed concluded that Jefferson and Hemings did have a sexual relationship, though she did not try to characterize it.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Reprinted in 1999, her new edition of the book has a foreword incorporating the 1998 DNA study.

<table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?119003-1/thomas-jefferson-sally-hemings">Booknotes interview with Gordon-Reed on Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings, February 21, 1999</a>, <a href="C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a><a href="#cite_note-cspan-11">[11]</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reception">Reception</h4></div>

Gordon-Reed "drew on her legal training to apply context and reasonable interpretation to the sparse documentation" and analyzed the historiography as well.<a href="#cite_note-MacArthur-8">[8]</a> The writer <a href="Christopher_Hitchens" title="Christopher Hitchens">Christopher Hitchens</a> in <a href="Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a> described her analysis as "brilliant."

Critics such as John Works and Robert F. Turner of the Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society have pointed out several transcription errors in Gordon-Reed's first book. Although Gordon-Reed said the errors were a "mistake," Works and Turner have alleged them to be alterations of historical documents.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>

Gordon-Reed's study stimulated a revival of interest in this topic. In 1998 a Y-DNA study was conducted of direct male descendants of the Jefferson male line, Eston Hemings line, and Carrs, as this DNA is passed down virtually unchanged. There was a <a href="Y-DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="Y-DNA">Y-DNA</a> match between the Jefferson male line and a male descendant of <a href="Eston_Hemings" title="Eston Hemings">Eston Hemings</a>, but no such match for the Carrs.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Researchers noted that, when added to the body of historical evidence, this strongly suggested Thomas Jefferson was the father of the children.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vernon_Can_Read!_(2001)">Vernon Can Read! (2001)</h3></div>

This memoir of <a href="Vernon_Jordan" title="Vernon Jordan">Vernon Jordan</a>, the civil rights activist, written with him, portrayed his life from childhood through the 1980s. It won the Best Nonfiction Book for 2001 from the Black Caucus of the American Library Association. In 2002 it won an <a href="Anisfield-Wolf_Book_Award" title="Anisfield-Wolf Book Award">Anisfield-Wolf Book Award</a> and a Trailblazer Award from the <a href="Metropolitan_Black_Bar_Association" title="Metropolitan Black Bar Association">Metropolitan Black Bar Association</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HLS-15">[15]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Hemingses_of_Monticello:_An_American_Family_(2008)">The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family (2008)</h3></div>

In 2008 Gordon-Reed published <a href="The_Hemingses_of_Monticello" title="The Hemingses of Monticello">The Hemingses of Monticello</a>, the first volume of a planned two-volume history on the Hemings family and their descendants, bringing a slave family to life on their own terms. She traced the many descendants of Elizabeth Hemings and their families during the time that they lived at Monticello; she had 75 descendants there. It was widely praised for its groundbreaking treatment of an extended slave family. It won the <a href="Pulitzer_Prize_for_History" title="Pulitzer Prize for History">Pulitzer Prize for History</a><a href="#cite_note-NJ-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-pulitzer-17">[17]</a> and 15 additional awards.<a href="#cite_note-newsweek.com-18">[18]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andrew_Johnson_(2011)">Andrew Johnson (2011)</h3></div>

In 2011, Gordon-Reed published a biography of the US post-Civil War president <a href="Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> and his historical reputation. She notes that he did not favor integration of <a href="Freedmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedmen">freedmen</a> into America's mainstream and caused the delay of their full emancipation. Although he was long considered a hero, his reputation became tainted after 1900, as white historians researched his actions or lack thereof regarding integration of African Americans. Gordon-Reed has noted that the <a href="Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionist</a> <a href="Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a> realized Johnson was no friend of African Americans.<a href="#cite_note-Smiley-19">[19]</a>

Gordon-Reed argues in the book that much of the misery imposed on African Americans could have been avoided if they had been given portions of land to cultivate as their own. Without land, African Americans in the <a href="Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a> generally earned livings as <a href="Sharecroppers" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharecroppers">sharecroppers</a>, primarily (if not totally) under white land-owners. They had few economic resources or choices and, often illiterate, were forced to accept the owner's reckoning of accounts at the end of the year. They often had to buy supplies at his store, which became part of the reckoning. She likens their situation to that of immigrant workers in the New York garment industry (sweat shops) in the 1890s, and <a href="Coal_miners" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal miners">coal miners</a>, who were captives of mining company stores until the <a href="UMWA" class="mw-redirect" title="UMWA">UMWA</a> was founded in 1890.<a href="#cite_note-Smiley-19">[19]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h3></div>

Gordon-Reed was the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for History, for her 2008 work on the Hemings family.<a href="#cite_note-NJ-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-pulitzer-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> She won 15 additional awards for the book.<a href="#cite_note-newsweek.com-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a>

<ul><li><a href="National_Book_Award_for_Nonfiction" title="National Book Award for Nonfiction">National Book Award for Nonfiction</a>,<a href="#cite_note-nba2008-23">[23]</a></li>

<li><a href="Society_for_Historians_of_the_Early_American_Republic" title="Society for Historians of the Early American Republic">Society for Historians of the Early American Republic</a> Book Award</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> in History,</li>

<li><a href="George_Washington_Book_Prize" title="George Washington Book Prize">George Washington Book Prize</a>,<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li>

<li><a href="Anisfield-Wolf_Book_Award" title="Anisfield-Wolf Book Award">Anisfield-Wolf Book Award</a>,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li>

<li>New Jersey Council of the Humanities Book Award,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li>

<li><a href="Frederick_Douglass_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Douglass Prize">Frederick Douglass Prize</a>,<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li>

<li>Owsley Award from the <a href="Southern_Historical_Association" title="Southern Historical Association">Southern Historical Association</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Norton-28">[28]</a> and</li>

<li><a href="Library_of_Virginia" title="Library of Virginia">Library of Virginia</a> Literary Award.<a href="#cite_note-NJ-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Norton-28">[28]</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>On February 25, 2010, President <a href="Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> honored Annette Gordon-Reed with the <a href="National_Humanities_Medal" title="National Humanities Medal">National Humanities Medal</a>, the highest national honor for the arts and humanities.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li>

<li>On September 28, 2010, Gordon-Reed was awarded a <a href="MacArthur_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="MacArthur Fellowship">MacArthur Fellowship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The Foundation noted that her "persistent investigation into the life of an iconic American president has dramatically changed the course of Jeffersonian scholarship."<a href="#cite_note-MacArthur-8">[8]</a></li></ul>

Gordon-Reed has also received a <a href="Guggenheim_Fellowship" title="Guggenheim Fellowship">Guggenheim Fellowship</a> for Monticello Legacies in the New Age, 2009; and a Cullman Center Fellowship from the New York Public Library for 2010–2011 to work on Monticello Legacies. She was Columbia University's Barbara A. Black Lecturer, 2001; and won a Bridging the Gap Award for fostering racial reconciliation, 2000. She holds honorary degrees, from <a href="Ramapo_College" title="Ramapo College">Ramapo College</a> in New Jersey and the <a href="College_of_William_and_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="College of William and Mary">College of William and Mary</a> in May 2010.<a href="#cite_note-HLS-15">[15]</a>

On March 7, 2009, she was interviewed on the WBGO program Conversations with Allan Wolper. She discussed the intimate relationship between Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings, as well as issues that American Black women face today.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a>

<ul><li>On July 28, 2020, she was named a University Professor, <a href="Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>'s highest faculty honor. <a href="Claudine_Gay" title="Claudine Gay">Claudine Gay</a>, the Edgerley Family Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and the Wilbur A. Cowett Professor of Government and of African and African-American Studies, said, "This is a wonderful recognition of Annette's seminal contributions to our understanding of American history, including our most harrowing tragedies and painful contradictions. She reminds us of the transformative power of academic discovery. I am thrilled by this appointment."<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li></ul>

2021

<ul><li>On July 23, 2021, she was elected a <a href="Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">corresponding fellow of the British Academy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>In 2022, she was named a <a href="Vincent_J._Dooley" class="mw-redirect" title="Vincent J. Dooley">Vincent J. Dooley</a> Distinguished Teaching Fellow by the <a href="Georgia_Historical_Society" title="Georgia Historical Society">Georgia Historical Society</a>. The honor recognizes national leaders in the field of history as both writers and educators whose research has enhanced or changed the way the public understands the past.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography_(books_only)">Bibliography (books only)</h2></div>

<ul><li>1997 – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oj_WuD7ysVUC">Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy</a> (<a href="University_of_Virginia_Press" title="University of Virginia Press">University of Virginia Press</a>)

<ul><li>1998 – reprint with new foreword discussing DNA evidence</li></ul></li>

<li>2001 – Vernon Can Read!: A Memoir (with <a href="Vernon_Jordan" title="Vernon Jordan">Vernon Jordan</a>) (PublicAffairs)</li>

<li>2002 – Race on Trial: Law and Justice in American History (<a href="Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>)</li>

<li>2008 – <a href="The_Hemingses_of_Monticello%3A_An_American_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family">The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family</a> (<a href="W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>)</li>

<li>2011 – Andrew Johnson: The American Presidents Series—The 17th President, 1865–1869 (Times Books/Henry Holt)</li>

<li>2016 – Most Blessed of the Patriarchs: Thomas Jefferson and the Empire of the Imagination (Liveright)<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li>

<li>2021 – On Juneteenth (Liveright)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFJennie_Yabroff2008" class="citation web cs1">Jennie Yabroff (October 4, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/2008/10/03/a-lawyer-s-new-jefferson-memorial.html">"Annette Gordon-Reed on the Sally Hemings Saga"</a>. Newsweek. Retrieved September 11, 2010.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.law.harvard.edu/professor-annette-gordon-reed-84-wins-a-macarthur-fellowship-audio/">"Professor Annette Gordon-Reed '84 wins a MacArthur Fellowship (audio)"</a>. Harvard Law Today.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gilderlehrman.org/about/board-trustees-and-officers">"Board of Trustees and Officers | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History"</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFEvans2021" class="citation news cs1">Evans, Summer (June 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wabe.org/pulitzer-prize-winning-author-annette-gordon-reeds-new-book-on-juneteenth-examines-the-holiday-through-a-personal-lens/">"Pulitzer Prize-Winning Author Annette Gordon-Reed's New Book, 'On Juneteenth' Examines The Holiday Through A Personal Lens"</a>. <a href="WABE-FM" class="mw-redirect" title="WABE-FM">WABE-FM</a> (Interview). Atlanta, Georgia: Atlanta Public Schools. Retrieved July 21, 2021. <q>born in Livingston, Texas, which was segregated, and then when I was about six months old, moved to Conroe, Texas, where I grew up. I had the experience as a six-year-old of integrating our town's schools</q></cite>

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<li id="cite_note-hls-5"><a href="#cite_ref-hls_5-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.harvard.edu/news/2010/04/30_annette.html">"Annette Gordon-Reed '84 to join the Harvard faculty"</a>. Recent News and Spotlights, April 30, 2010. Harvard Law School.

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<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/annette-gordon-reed">"The History Makers"</a>. Annette Gordon-Reed. Retrieved August 7, 2025.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFinn2009" class="citation news cs1">Finn, Robin (June 28, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/28/nyregion/28routine.html">"Only a Brief Pause for Rest"</a>. New York Times.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-MacArthur-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacArthur_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacArthur_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacArthur_8-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class-of-2010/annette-gordon-reed">"Annette Gordon-Reed"</a>. MacArthur Foundation. Retrieved February 16, 2023.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFProfessor_Annette_Gordon-Reed" class="citation web cs1">Professor Annette Gordon-Reed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.queens.ox.ac.uk/people/professor-annette-gordon-reed/">"Professor Annette Gordon-Reed"</a>. Retrieved September 30, 2024.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGordon-Reed1997" class="citation book cs1">Gordon-Reed, Annette (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=riO6QmWK2WIC">Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American controversy</a>. University Press of Virginia. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8139-1698-9</bdi>.</cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/books/beginnings/9903/thomas.jefferson/">Excerpt</a>.

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<li id="cite_note-cspan-11"><a href="#cite_ref-cspan_11-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?119003-1/thomas-jefferson-sally-hemings">"Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings"</a>. <a href="C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>. February 21, 1999. Retrieved March 14, 2017.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tjheritage.org/dialogue-between-john-works-annette-gordon-reed">"The Dialogue Between John Works and Annette Gordon-Reed and the Dean of New York Law School"</a>. Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFosterJoblingTaylorDonnelly1988" class="citation journal cs1">Foster, Eugene A.; Jobling, M.A.; Taylor, P.G.; Donnelly, P.; de Knijff, P.; Mieremet, Rene; Zerjal, T.; Tyler-Smith, C. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/23835">"Jefferson fathered slave's last child"</a>. Nature. 396 (27–28): 27–28. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F23835">10.1038/23835</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9817200">9817200</a>. Retrieved August 20, 2024.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHaigney2006" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Haigney, Peter (August 28, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060901114616/http://www.newark.rutgers.edu/news/index.php?sId=viewArticle&ArticleID=5311&prevTitle=Top+Stories&prevURL=index.php">"Rutgers-Newark appoints nationally renowned presidential scholar to faculty"</a> (Press release). Newark, New Jersey: Rutgers University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newark.rutgers.edu/news/index.php?sId=viewArticle&ArticleID=5311&prevTitle=Top+Stories&prevURL=index.php">the original</a> on September 1, 2006.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-HLS-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HLS_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HLS_15-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.harvard.edu/news/2010/04/30_annette.html">"Annette Gordon-Reed '84 to join the Harvard faculty"</a>. Law.harvard.edu. April 30, 2010. Retrieved September 11, 2010.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-NJ-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NJ_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NJ_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NJ_16-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFStar-Ledger2009" class="citation web cs1">Star-Ledger, Paul Cox/The (April 21, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.com/news/2009/04/rutgersnewark_prof_annette_gor.html">"Rutgers-Newark prof Annette Gordon-Reed wins Pulitzer Prize in history"</a>. nj.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-pulitzer-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pulitzer_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pulitzer_17-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-category/220">"History"</a>. Past winners & finalists by category. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2016-10-20.

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<li id="cite_note-newsweek.com-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newsweek.com_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-newsweek.com_18-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/id/162266">Jennie Yabroff, "A Lawyer's New Jefferson Memorial: The next chapter in the Hemings saga"</a>, Newsweek <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wbgo.org/wolper">On Conversations With Allan Wolper</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141010234917/http://www.wbgo.org/wolper">Archived</a> 2014-10-10 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (March 7, 2009), Ms. Gordon-Reed said one of the reasons she wrote the book was to prove that African Americans could write about white politicians.

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<li id="cite_note-Smiley-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smiley_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smiley_19-1">b</a> Interview with Annette Gordon-Reed, <a href="Tavis_Smiley" title="Tavis Smiley">Tavis Smiley</a> show, 28 February 2011

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<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.america.gov/st/peopleplace-english/2009/April/20090423165305GLnesnoM0.1744043.html">Michael Bandler, "Pulitzer Prize for Drama Honors Play about Women in Wartime Congo: Biography, Fiction, History, Music, Nonfiction, Poetry Winners Also Named"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110207150726/http://www.america.gov/st/peopleplace-english/2009/April/20090423165305GLnesnoM0.1744043.html">Archived</a> February 7, 2011, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>

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<li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHoffert" class="citation web cs1">Hoffert, Barbara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090601155745/http://bookcritics.org/news/archive/2008_nbcc_finalists_announced/">"2008 NBCC Finalists Announced]"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bookcritics.org/news/archive/2008_nbcc_finalists_announced/">the original</a> on June 1, 2009. Retrieved October 9, 2009.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100623043744/http://www.journalism.columbia.edu/cs/ContentServer/jrn/1175372505012/page/1212611046533/simplepage.htm">"Columbia University"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journalism.columbia.edu/cs/ContentServer/jrn/1175372505012/page/1212611046533/simplepage.htm">the original</a> on June 23, 2010.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-nba2008-23"><a href="#cite_ref-nba2008_23-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-2008">"National Book Awards – 2008"</a>. <a href="National_Book_Foundation" title="National Book Foundation">National Book Foundation</a>. Retrieved 2012-03-24. (With acceptance speech by Gordon-Reed and interview.)

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<li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719004059/http://news.washcoll.edu/events/2009/05/gwbookprize/">""2009 George Washington Book Prize Awarded at Mount Vernon""</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.washcoll.edu/events/2009/05/gwbookprize/">the original</a> on July 19, 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2009.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anisfield-wolf.org/Winners/">"Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards :: 2006 Winners"</a>. Anisfield-wolf.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100823092706/http://www.anisfield-wolf.org/Winners/">Archived</a> from the original on August 23, 2010. Retrieved September 11, 2010.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101125190430/http://njch.org/awards_bookaward.html">"Awards – NJCH Annual Book Award"</a>. NJCH. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.njch.org/awards_bookaward.html">the original</a> on November 25, 2010. Retrieved September 11, 2010.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100329124744/http://www.yale.edu/glc/events/2009.htm">"New York Law School Professor Wins $25,000 Frederick Douglass Book Prize"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yale.edu/glc/events/2009.htm">the original</a> on March 29, 2010. Retrieved October 9, 2009.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Norton-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Norton_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norton_28-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.wwnorton.com/books/book-template.aspx?aid=1864&cid=57768&lastPage=1&currentPage=1&sortparam=SortDate">"Library of Virginia Literary Award | W. W. Norton & Company"</a>. Books.wwnorton.com. Retrieved September 11, 2010.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/25/AR2010022504028.html">"Obama honors leaders in arts and humanities"</a>. washingtonpost.com. February 26, 2010. Retrieved September 11, 2010.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130180642">"Annette Gordon-Reed"</a>, NPR

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<li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wbgo.org/show/conversations-with-allan-wolper/2011-08-11/annette-gordon-reed-the-two-lives-of-thomas-jefferson">"Annette Gordon-Reed: The Two Lives of Thomas Jefferson"</a>. WBGO.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/07/annette-gordon-reed-named-harvard-university-professor/">"Annette Gordon-Reed named Harvard University Professor"</a>. July 28, 2020.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/news/the-british-academy-elects-84-new-fellows-recognising-outstanding-achievement-in-the-humanities-and-social-sciences/">"The British Academy elects 84 new Fellows recognising outstanding achievement in the humanities and social sciences"</a>. The British Academy. July 23, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210723020001/https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/news/the-british-academy-elects-84-new-fellows-recognising-outstanding-achievement-in-the-humanities-and-social-sciences/">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.georgiahistory.com/learn-and-explore/vincent-j-dooley-distinguished-fellows-program/distinguished-teaching-fellows/">"Dooley Distinguished Teaching Fellows"</a>. Georgia Historical Society. Retrieved May 1, 2024.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwnorton.com/books/Most-Blessed-of-the-Patriarchs/">"'Most Blessed of the Patriarchs'"</a>. wwnorton.com.</cite>

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</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Annette_Gordon-Reed" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Annette Gordon-Reed">Annette Gordon-Reed</a>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/index.html?id=860">"Annette Gordon-Reed"</a>.</cite> Harvard Faculty Directory</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?48342">Appearances</a> on <a href="C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090528223750/http://www.abc.net.au/tv/fora/stories/2009/04/23/2550940.htm">Annette Gordon-Reed talks at The University of Sydney</a> on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100515111448/http://www.abc.net.au/tv/fora/default.htm">ABC Fora</a> VIDEO</li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101005223414/http://www.fordhamlawandculture.org/blog/2010/09/28/annette-gordon-reed-is-a-genius/">"Annette Gordon-Reed Receives MacArthur Genius Grant"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordhamlawandculture.org/blog/2010/09/28/annette-gordon-reed-is-a-genius/">the original</a> on October 5, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010.</cite></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_History_(2001–2025)460" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> for <a href="Pulitzer_Prize_for_History" title="Pulitzer Prize for History">History</a> (2001–2025)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Joseph_Ellis" title="Joseph Ellis">Joseph J. Ellis</a> (2001)</li>

<li><a href="Louis_Menand" title="Louis Menand">Louis Menand</a> (2002)</li>

<li><a href="Rick_Atkinson" title="Rick Atkinson">Rick Atkinson</a> (2003)</li>

<li><a href="Steven_Hahn" title="Steven Hahn">Steven Hahn</a> (2004)</li>

<li><a href="David_Hackett_Fischer" title="David Hackett Fischer">David Hackett Fischer</a> (2005)</li>

<li><a href="David_Oshinsky" title="David Oshinsky">David Oshinsky</a> (2006)</li>

<li><a href="Gene_Roberts_(journalist)" title="Gene Roberts (journalist)">Gene Roberts</a> and <a href="Hank_Klibanoff" title="Hank Klibanoff">Hank Klibanoff</a> (2007)</li>

<li><a href="Daniel_Walker_Howe" title="Daniel Walker Howe">Daniel Walker Howe</a> (2008)</li>

<li><a href="Liaquat_Ahamed" title="Liaquat Ahamed">Liaquat Ahamed</a> (2010)</li>

<li><a href="Eric_Foner" title="Eric Foner">Eric Foner</a> (2011)</li>

<li><a href="Manning_Marable" title="Manning Marable">Manning Marable</a> (2012)</li>

<li><a href="Fredrik_Logevall" title="Fredrik Logevall">Fredrik Logevall</a> (2013)</li>

<li><a href="Alan_Taylor_(historian)" title="Alan Taylor (historian)">Alan Taylor</a> (2014)</li>

<li><a href="Elizabeth_A._Fenn" title="Elizabeth A. Fenn">Elizabeth A. Fenn</a> (2015)</li>

<li><a href="T._J._Stiles" title="T. J. Stiles">T. J. Stiles</a> (2016)</li>

<li><a href="Heather_Ann_Thompson" title="Heather Ann Thompson">Heather Ann Thompson</a> (2017)</li>

<li><a href="Jack_E._Davis" title="Jack E. Davis">Jack E. Davis</a> (2018)</li>

<li><a href="David_W._Blight" title="David W. Blight">David W. Blight</a> (2019)</li>

<li><a href="W._Caleb_McDaniel" title="W. Caleb McDaniel">W. Caleb McDaniel</a> (2020)</li>

<li><a href="Marcia_Chatelain" title="Marcia Chatelain">Marcia Chatelain</a> (2021)</li>

<li><a href="Nicole_Eustace" title="Nicole Eustace">Nicole Eustace</a> / <a href="Ada_Ferrer" title="Ada Ferrer">Ada Ferrer</a> (2022)</li>

<li><a href="Jefferson_Cowie" title="Jefferson Cowie">Jefferson Cowie</a> (2023)</li>

<li><a href="Jacqueline_Jones" title="Jacqueline Jones">Jacqueline Jones</a> (2024)</li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li>Complete list</li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-07" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Annette_Gordon-Reed&oldid=1304676384">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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